Timeline of Scotland
From Changeling Venue
Back to Scotland
INTRODUCTION
This timeline is more an opportunity to see the effects certain people have during the Time of the World of Darkness. That has affected Scottish History, and therefore British History.
In doing this I have tried the following:
- An overview of Scottish Mortal History
- What effect the supernatural entities have had on this history
- Non-biased views on what has happened, since l doesn’t want to appear anti-anyone. Trying to write it from a neutral viewpoint. However some bias might have appeared in it, due to the primary research l have conducted.
Credits: Written by Derek Taylor Disclaimer Notice
The mention of, or reference to any products or companies in this document is not a challenge to the copyright or trademark concerned. The following terms are Trade Marks or Copyright of White Wolf Inc: The Book of Nod, Brujah, Camarilla, Changeling: The Dreaming, Elysium, Gangrel, Garou, Kindred, Mage: The Ascension, Malkavian, Mind's Eye Theatre, Nosferatu, Seneschal, Storyteller, Toreador, Tremere, Vampire: The Masquerade, Ventrue, Werewolf: The Apocalypse, White Wolf, World of Darkness, Wraith: The Oblivion. All other Trade Marks and Copyrights acknowledged.
Scottish Timeline for the WOD
The Earliest History
8000 BC - First Hunters arrive in Scotland especially around the Firths of Tay and Forth
5000 BC – First permanent settlement built at Crathes, near Banchory
4500 BC - Scottish Population estimated at 70 people
4000 BC - Neolithic Immigration into Scotland
3000 BC – Humans arrive in the Scottish Highlands
3000 BC – settlers from Baltic Europe settle Orkney and Tiree
3000 BC – Shell maddens at Culbin
2500 BC – Picts conqueror the Scottish Lands
2500 BC – The standing stones at Callanish built in Lewis (Island)
2200 BC – Skara Brae is constructed in Orkney
2000 BC – Hill fort at Cluny Hill in Forres
2000 BC – Race called Jarlshof in Orkney. Technology equilvant to the Minoan civilisation in Crete.
1750 BC – Beaker people arrive from Rhine
1000 BC – Invention of the Sword and the Shield
600 BC – Celtic settlers arrived (culture similar to the people of Hallslatt in Austria)
500 BC – Most of Scottish population lives in Crannogs in the middle of lochs
76 AD - Birth of Publius Aelius Hadrianus, who built Hadrian’s Wall to cut off Scotland from the rest of Britain.
Roman Occupation of Parts of Scotland 80 –500
80 AD – Romans advance to the Forth of Firth at Inveresk under the command of Genaues Julius Agricola, Governor of the province of Britannia.
81 AD – Roman conquest of the Votadini ad Slgovan tribes completed
82 Ad – Agricola’s moves into Galloway
83 AD - Agricola’s last Roman campaign results in the battle at Mons Grampus. Agricola’s defeats the tribal forces of Calgacus at the Pass of Grange near Huntly.
92 AD – Romans move back to one fort in the Forth-clyde area
118 AD – Roman legion destroyed at York by the Northern Tribes of Northumbria and Scotland.
123 AD – Hadrian Wall built
143 AD – Antonnes’ Wall started by Lollius urbiculs
145 AD – Antonnes’ Wall completed
150 AD – Varris (Forres) mentioned by Roman writer Ptoleny writing on Agricola
185 AD – Antonnes’ Wall abounded
208 AD – Septimus Senerus conducts two more Scottish Campaigns. Reaches the Moray Firth.
212 AD (?) – Coracalla son of Septimes makes peace with the Scottish Tribes and quits the country.
296 AD – The Pictish people were first mentioned in Roman literature. The name "Pict" is said to have come either from a latin word meaning "painted ones" or another meaning "fighter". Both of these accurately depicted the Pictish people.
350 AD – St Ninian Born.
360 AD - Roman literature describes the warring tribe based in Ireland as the "Scots".
368 AD - The Pict, Scot and Saxon tribes attack the Romans in London and plunder their treasures.
397 AD – St Ninian visits Roman and brings back the Gospel.
St Patrick is born in Strathclyde and captured by a Irish King and taken to Ireland. Before returning to Scotland to preach.
432 AD – St Patrick returns to Ireland to preach
490 AD – Fergus MacErc conquers the Pictish area of Ergadia, renaming it Dalriada (Reference to an Egyptian Pharaoh’s daughter and the Stone of Destiny)
THE AGE OF MIGRATIONS, 500 – 800 AD
500 AD – Cairpre Riata, Irish Clan leader who led the Dal Riata from Antrim, Northern Ireland to Scotland
501 AD – Dal Riata established in Scotland.
521 AD – Saint Columba born to the Irish Royal House of MacErc
"Over the mountains l go alone fearing not
Mac Dé, God’s son, is my druid"
Poem by Saint Columba
563 AD – Saint Columba arrives from Ireland
563 AD – Founds the Monastery on Iona
563 AD – First written Annals of Irish History started at Iona
565 AD – Converted the Pictish High King Brude mac Maelchon to Christianity at Craig Phadrig at Inverness
574 AD – Ordains Aidan as King of Dalriada
597 AD – Saint Columba dies
600 AD - Catterick - 300 Edinburgh horseman killed by the English.
663 AD – King Oswald of Northumbria calls a Synod at Whitby to decide which date to celebrate Easter. Since the Roman Church and the Celtic church had different dates to celebrate the raising of Christi. The Roman church wins, and this starts the downfall of the Celtic Church as a power base within the country.
603 AD - Death of St Mungo patron saint of Glasgow (and also known as St Kentigern).
685 AD (20 May) – Picts at Dunnichen, near Forfar, confort an Army led by King Egfirth of Northumbria. Egfirth is killed in the battle and the Angles withdraw to Lothian and the Tweed Valley.
704 AD - Death of St Adamman, biographer of St Columba.
710 AD – King Nechton of Northumbria adopts the Roman Church. After being converted by Abbot Ceblfirth of Northumbria.
714 AD - Death of St Giles, patron saint of Edinburgh (and Elgin).
716 AD – Monks of Iona accept the Easter Ruling that was decided in Whitby in 663 AD.
732 AD – A refuge Angle Priest brings the relics of St Andrews from Hexham to St. Andrews.
740 AD – The Irish Anals are completed at Iona
792 AD – For the next Eighty years the British Isles are known to be attacked by the Lochlannaich, men of Scandinavia. Thus the 12th century sagas written about the events from 4 centuries ago, tell us of increasing population numbers upon scare resources in their Homelands.
793 AD – Lindisfame raided by the Vikings
793 – 806 AD – Iona is raided three times by the Vikings, last raid every member of the monastic community was murdered at Martyr’s Bay.
800 AD – Jarlshof becomes a Viking Settlement
800 AD – Keenth Mac Aplin born in Gaelic Kingdom of Dal Rita
839 AD – the Norseman kills Two Picts Kings in this year
842AD – Wrad last King of the Picts dies this year
THE HOUSE OF ALPIN, 843-942 AD
- Kenneth Mac alpin (843-859)
- Donald I (860-863)
- Constantine I (863-877)
- Aed (877-878)
- Eochaid (878-889)
- Donald II (889-900)
- Constantine II (900-942)
This time period of these Kings, 95% were murdered or died in battle. Lack of Information, has been a problem during this time.
843 AD – Kenneth Mac aplin becomes the first Scottish King of all of Scotland, after killing the last son of Wrad in a meeting in Scone.
870 AD – Dumbarton was taken in this year by the Norseman..
877 AD –Constantine kills a Nose chief, however he takes the head as a trophy. The Norse leader had protruding teeth, which cut into Constantine leg, causing him to die of blood poisoning.
900 AD – Donald II killed in battle with the Norseman at Forres.
937 AD- Brananburgh - The Saxon King Athelstane defeated Danes and Britons near Solway.
THE HOUSE OF DUNKELD, 942-1058
- Malcolm I (942-954)
- Indulf (954-962)
- Dubh (962-967)
- Cuilean (967-971)
- Kenneth II (971-995)
- Constantine III (995-997)
- Kenneth III (997-1005)
- Malcolm II (1005-1034)
- Duncan I (1034-1040)
- Macbeth (1040-1057)
- Lulach (The Fool) (1057-1058)
942 AD – Malcolm I of The House of Dunkeld becomes High King of Scotland
954 AD – Malcolm I of Scotland dies
967 AD – King Dubh of Scotland is assimilated at Forres
973 AD – Battle of Luncarty - King Kenneth the 2nd defeated the Danish Vikings.
994 AD - Kenneth III assassinated by Lady Finella at the Royal Castle of Kincardine
995 AD – King Olav Tryggvason of Norway visits Orkney and orders the Earl and his people to convert to Christianity or face the pain of death.
996 AD – Earl of Orkney adopts the Brough of Birsay as the Earl’s Seat of power, and also starts construction of the first Cathedral on the island.
1005 AD – Malcolm II crowned the King of the Scots after destroying all other contenders to the throne.
1014 AD – Duncan the Great Grandson of Malcolm II born to the Earl of Orkney, please note this is a Viking title and not a Scottish Title.
1014 AD - Battle of Mortlach, Banffshire - Scots, under Malcolm 2nd defeat the Danish Vikings.
1018 AD - Malcolm II the destroyer defeats the Northumbria’s at the battle of Carham
1019 AD – Becomes the First Earl of Scotland at the age of five
1034 AD – Agrees to a parley with King Canute at after the battle of Stirling. Agreeing to allow King Canute to be his Overlord, which caused most of the problems between the English and Scottish Crowns for the next Six hundred years
1034 AD – Strathclyde becomes part of the Scottish Crown.
1035 AD – Duncan I of Scotland
1040 AD – Duncan Killed by MacBeth near Elgin at the Battle of Lossie
1040 AD – MacBeth Crowned King of the Scots
1050 AD – Burghead taken by Norseman, Sueno’ stone raised
1050 AD – MacBeth makes a pilgrimage to Roman.
1054 AD- Battle of the River Earn between Earl of Northumbria and the Scots under King MacBeth.
1057 AD – MacBeth killed by MacDuff Earl of fife, watched by the bastard son of Malcolm II, called Malcolm Canmore
1057 AD – Lulach, stepson of MacBeth rules for Six months before being killed by Malcolm Canmore, who claims the title Malcolm III of Scotland
THE HOUSE OF CANMORE, 1058-1290 AD
- Malcolm III (Canmore) (1058-1093)
- Donald Ban (1093-1094)
- Duncan II (May-November 1094)
- Donald Ban and Edmund (1094-1097)
- Edgar (The Peaceable) (1097-1107)
- Alexander (The Fierce) (1107-1124)
- David I (1124-1153)
- Malcolm IV (The Maiden) (1153-1165)
- William (The Lion) (1165-1214)
- Alexander II (1214-1249)
- Alexander III (1249-1286)
- Margaret (Maid of Norway) (1286-1290)
1058 AD – Malcolm III crowned King of Scotland
1060 AD – The de Brus brothers arrive from Normandy to help advise Malcolm III in rulership.
1070 AD – Edward Alheling fails in his attempt to restore the English Kingdom to Saxon Rule under himself. He escapes only to blown onto the Scottish Coast and into the hands of Malcolm III. With him were his Mother and his two sisters Margaret and Christina.
1070 AD – Queen Ingebiorg and her two sons banished to the Royal Castle of Kincardine
1070 AD - Queen Ingebiorg dies in mysterious surroundings at the Royal Castle of Kincardine
1070 AD – Malcolm III raids Northumbria to take plunder.
1072 AD – William the Conqueror takes an army and navy to the firth of Tay, and at Abernathy Malcolm III becomes William’s Vassal.
1093 AD – King Rufus orders Malcolm III to attend him, and then refuses to see him. Malcolm III invades England and is killed in a an ambush at Alnwick by a Norman Knight. Queen Margaret dies three days later of shock at hearing the news that her husband was dead.
1107 AD - On the death of Edgar, Scotland becomes disunited. Alexander I becomes King of Scots, but David I becomes King in Lothian and Strathclyde.
1119 AD – Berwick Created a Royal Burgh
1119 AD – Roxburgh Created a Royal Burgh
1124 AD – Dunfermline created a Royal Burgh
1124 AD – Edinburgh created a Royal Burgh
1124 AD - Unity was restored when, on Alexander's death, David becomes King of Scots. His reign is one of the most important in Scotland's history, extending Scottish borders to the River Tees, including all of Northumberland. David I institutes many administrative changes into Scotland including laws, early schools and gives much Scottish land to his Norman friends.
1125 AD – Perth Created a Royal Burgh
1138 AD – David I defeated at the battle of the standard at Cartoon Moor in Yorkshire. However he manages to get Northumbria added to his fief and the Scottish border now extends past the River Tees.
1143 AD - William is born, who would become the future William the Liam
1149 AD – Alexander the Second dies
1149 AD – Alexander the third becomes King of Scotland.
1153 AD – David the First dies
1153 AD – Malcolm IV the grandson of David the first ascends to the Scottish Throne.
1154 AD – King Henry II decides to impress his will on Scotland.
1157 AD – Malcolm IV gives up claims to Northumbria and Cumbria to keep the Earldom of Huntingdon. He goes off to war in France with King Henry II
1158 AD – The Revolt of the Celtic Earls against Malcolm IV due to his weakness and given up historical Scottish lands. This was defatted
1165 AD - Malcolm IV dies
1165 AD – William the Lion of Scotland ascends the Scottish Throne
1174 AD – William the Lion resents the demands of Henry II to restore Northumbria to himself, and decides to invade England. He is captured at Alnwich and is taken to Falaise Castle In Normandy to swear allegiance to King Henry the Second. Resort of this Scottish Church and Castles are placed under the control of the English Church and Troops.
11?? AD – Richard Coeur-de-Lion sells them back to William and peace is restored between the two kingdoms.
1192 AD – Pope in Roman decreed that the Scottish Church answers directly to himself not the Archbishops in York or Canterbury.
1214 AD – William the Lion dies.
1214 AD – Alexander the Second comes to the Throne.
1221 AD – Alexander the Second managed to subjugate part of the Argyll and Kintyre and secure some allegiance from the mainland chiefs.
1230 AD – Alexander the second pacifies the North.
1234 AD – Last Celtic Lords of Galloway dies.
1235 AD – Pacifies Galloway slightly
1238 AD – Robert De Bruce achieved recognition as heir-presumptive to Alexander
1240 AD – 1249 AD – The Bishop of St. Andrews consecrated now fewer than 140 churches in these 9 years.
1249 AD – Alexander the Second dies
1249 AD – Alexander the Third comes to the Scottish Throne.
1263 AD – Battle of Largs, between the forces of King Hakon of Norway and Alexander the Third. Over the Hebrides.
1266 AD – Treaty of Firth, King Erik, sold the western isles for little over £2500 with an annual rent of £60 and Alexander’s Daughter as his bride to become Queen of Norway.
1270 AD – William Wallace is born in Paisley, the second son of Sir Malcolm Wallace.
1286 AD – There was Thirty Five Royal Burgh’s and thirteen were the creation of the Church and the nobility.
1286 AD – Alexander III was killed when he was thrown from his horse.
1286 AD – Scottish population numbered about 300,000 with 30,000 in the Royal Burgh’s.
1286 AD – The Maid of Norway becomes Queen of Scotland, however she dies on the sea trip to Scotland in 1290 AD
The Competitors (Balliol and Bruce), 1292-1371 AD
THE HOUSE OF BALLIOL
- John Balliol (1292-1296)
THE HOUSE OF BRUCE
- Robert I (The Bruce) (1306-1329)
- David II (1329-1371)
1291 AD – Bishop of St. Andrews asks King Edward to decide who becomes the next King of Scotland. John Balliol becomes King
1291 AD – King John pays homage to King Edward
1295 AD – He renounces his allegiance to King Edward and negotiates an alliance with France, this forming the Auld Alliance.
1295 AD – Edward destroys the town of Berwick to a man, and the results is a hatred of the English that would last over 300 years. Also he commands the swearing of allegiance to himself, the Scottish records are burnt or taken to London. The Stone of Destiny (fake) is taken to London. The monks of St. Andrews hide the real one, since if you read the Bible its pure black not the common sandstone found around St. Andrews.
1296 AD – William Wallace savagely murders the English Sheriff of Lanark.
1296 AD – 1298 AD The Earl of Moray conquers several castles of the Highlands.
1297 AD – Battle of Stirling. Williams Army defeats the Earl of Surrey’s Army, and also Stirling Castle is captured. Earl of Moray dies in this battle.
1297AD – William Wallace is appointed Guardian of Scotland.
1298 AD – Battle of Falkirk the Scots lose the battle.
1303 AD – Edward the First invades Scotland for a record Six times in a number of years, Stirling Castle the only one still stands against him.
1305 AD – William Wallace is betrayed by Sir John Menteith, and is hang and drawn and emasculated in London after a show case trial in Westminster.
1306 AD -
- February – Robert the Bruce Kills John Comyn
- March - Robert the Bruce Crowned King of Scotland by Isabella, Countess of Buchan
- April - King Edwards makes the pope excuommote the King Robert the Bruce. Also three of his brothers were executed along with the Earl of Athol. Bruce’s Wife and the Countess of Buchan are imprisoned.
- June - King Robert the Bruce is defeated at the Battle of Methven by the Forces of the Earl of Pembroke.
1307 AD –
- April – King Robert the Bruce defeats an English army at Gelentrood
- May - King Robert the Bruce defeats an Army under the Command of the Earl of Penbroke
Note: The strange thing about these battles, is that the English Estates of Robert the Bruce paid for those campaigns... The Scottish Estates in Essex paid for those campaigns against the English King.
- June – King Edward the First of England dies
- July – King Edward the Second has no interest in Scotland, and leaves the Garrisons to continue to try and hold the Scots against the Guerrilla Warfare of Robert the Bruce.
1308 AD Scholar and philosopher John Duns Scotus died. His dry subtleties led to the word "Duns" or "dunce" meaning dull and incapable of learning. Beatified by Pope John Paul II in 1993.
1309 AD – Only Dundee and the Banff were the only strongholds of the English King above the Tay.
1309 AD – King Robert the Bruce destroys the Estates of the Earl of Buchan and Ross, due to the support of his former foe who he killed Comyn’s.
1311 AD – All English forces are out of Galloway and Lothian.
1312 AD - Treaty of Inverness with Norway.
1313 AD – Robert the Bruce takes Perth
1314 AD – Battle of Bannockburn, the day is saved when the Knight Templars charge into the battle. Also could be thought that Scotland became one nation on that day.
1315 AD - Thomas Dun, a privateer, sailed into Holyhead, captured an English ship and over-ran the island of Anglesay.
1316 AD- Edward Bruce, brother of King Robert the Bruce, crowned High King of All Ireland.
1318 AD – Berwick is recaptured from the English, however Carlisle remains in English Hands.
1318 AD - Edward Bruce, brother of Robert the Bruce, killed in a battle near Dundalk, Ireland.
1320 AD – Abbot of Arbroath sends a letter to the pope asking that he accepts Robert the Bruce, and ask the English King to leave the Scottish people at peace.
1320 AD- Declaration of Arbroath is made.
1236 AD – Parliament is held at Cambuskenneth, where the Burgh leaders are asked to attend as well.
1322 AD – Dryburgh Abbey destroyed by the English.
1328 AD – Treaty of Peace is signed with the English at Northampton.
1329 AD – Robert the Bruce Dies.
1331 AD – King David the Second becomes King
1332 AD – Edward Balliol invades Scotland and defeats the Scottish Army under the Regent of the Earl of Mar. Therefore Edward claims the title of King of Scotland.
1333 AD – Edward Balliol is defeated in a series of guerrilla attacks by forces loyal to the King David. He is forced to escape across the border in only his underpants.
1333 AD – Edward the third invades Scotland and defeats the army under Sir Archibald Douglas at Halidon Hill outside Berwick. The English revenge themselves for the defeat of Bannockburn with the death total of the Scottish forces: One Regent, Six Earls, Seventy Barons, 300 Knights and several thousand Scottish spearman.
1334 AD – Edward Balliol is restored to the Scottish Throne after swearing allegiance to Edward the third.
1334 AD – King David and his young queen are sent to France for safety under the protection of King Philip VI of France.
1346 AD – David returns and invades England, however he loses a battle at Durham. The Scottish Standard is captured and lies it over St Cuthbert’s Tomb.
1356 AD – King Edward the Third ravages the southern counties with a brutality not seen since Edward the First. This period is know as Burnt Candlemas.
1357 AD – Treaty of Berwick is singed which restored King David to the throne at a cost of 160,000 pounds and was to be paid over a ten-year period. Only two payments were only every made.
1370 AD – King David dies childless and the title passes to the House of Stewart.
THE HOUSE OF STEWART, 1371-1603 AD
- Robert II (1371-1390)
- Robert III (1390-1406)
- James I (1406 – 1437)
- James II (1437 – 1460)
- James III (1460 – 1488)
- James IV (1488 – 1513)
- James V (1513 – 1542)
- Mary Queen of Scots (1542 – 1587)
- James VI (1567 – 1603)
1371 AD – Robert the Second becomes King of Scotland.
1371 AD – Robert the Second dies
1385 AD – Dryburgh Abbey destroyed for the second time by an English Army.
1388 AD – The Earl of Douglas leds an army into the Percy land of Northumbria, where he defeats the forces of Henry Percy (Shakespeare’s Hotspur).
1389 AD – Roberts younger Brother Alexander Steward or the Wolf of Badenoh is execommunited for deserting his wife. His castle was at Lochindorb about ten miles from Nairn.
1390 AD – Forres razed by the Wolf of Badenoch en route to Elgin
1390 AD – Wolf of Bdenoch burns down Elgin Cathedral.
1390 AD – Robert the Third becomes King of Scotland.
1396 AD – Clans Chatan and Key fight a battle watched by the King.
1406 AD - The Scottish authorities have James Resby burned for heresy.
1406 AD – Richard the Third dies.
1406 AD – James I ascends the throne.
1411 AD – St Andrews University founded under Regent Albany
1411 AD –Donald, 2nd Lord of the Isles faced the fall strength of the Scottish monarchy for the first time. He was defeated however he still claimed the title of Earl of Ross.
1412 AD – Battle of Homildon Hill fought and lost by the Scots. Earl of fife son Murdock Stewart is captured. Imprisoned along with James I, at Henry IV pleasure.
1416 AD – Henry V accepts £10,000 ransom for one of the Scots prisoners, and Murdock Stewart is released.
1420 AD – James I moves to the battlefield in France along with King Henry V, trying to stop the Scottish forces fighting with the France from attacking the English. The Auld Alliance is in full force at this time.
1424 AD – James I is released from English captivities. At the cost of £100,000 pounds.
1420 AD – James I marries Lady Joanne Beaufort, cousin of Henry V.
1421 AD - A Scots army in France defeated an English force at Baugé
1428 AD – James I summons forty highland chiefs to him at Inverness. He arrests them executes three of them. After James I leaves the town the Lord of the isles sacks Inverness.
1429 AD – James I visits the Lord of the Isles and commands him to pay homage to him at Edinburgh which he does.
1424 AD – Earl of Douglas awarded a French Dukedom due to hiring of mercenaries to the French King.
1424 AD – James I rode north from London a Freeman.
1424 AD – Duke of Albany arrested and tried for treason. Sentenced to death along with most of his family
1448 AD - Battle of Sark in which an invading English force under the Earl of Northumberland was repulsed by the Scots led by Hugh Douglas, Earl of Ormonde, near Gretna.
1437 AD – James I murdered in his bedroom. Athol, Robert Stewart, Graham and their murderous accomplices were made to suffer long and appalling torture before execution.
1437 AD – James II accesends to the throne of Scotland.
1439 AD – Sir William Crichton, succeeded to the Governship. Crichton had the new young Earl of Douglas and his brother murdered at a dinner party in Edinburgh Castle in Front of James II. "Edinburgh Castle, towne and toure, God grant thou sink for sinnie! And that even for the black dinoir Earl Douglas gat therein"
(Please note this is the correct poem spelling from primary research)
1451 AD – Glasgow University founded by James II
1452 AD – James II murders the 8th Earl of Douglas at Castle Stirling, at his own hand. This breaking the safe conduct guarantee by the King, this starting a war between the house of Douglas and the House of Stewart.
1455 AD – James II besieged Threave Castle, the Douglas Stronghold in Kirkcudbrightshire, forcing the Earl to flee to England.
1460 AD – King James II decides to drive the English out of the Royal Burgh of Berwick and Roxburgh.
1460 AD – King James II dies besieging Roxburgh Castle. When a new type of Cannon exploded and killed him outright.
1460 AD – His Queen orders that the castle and town be razed to the ground of Roxburgh.
1460 AD – James III ascends to the Throne.
1469 AD – James III payment for marrying the daughter of the Norwegian throne was Orkney and Shetland, given to the Scottish Throne.
1479 AD – James III imprisoned Duke of Albany and Earl of Mar at Craigmillar Castle.
1479 AD – Duke of Albany and the Duke of Gloucester plot to place Duke of Albany on the Scottish Throne. Duke of Albany is restored as Regent of the Scottish Throne and Berwick passes to the English Throne for the finial time.
1488 AD – James III fought against his rebellious nobles. However his son James IV was leading the nobles, and James III was wounded then murdered.
1488 AD – James IV ascends to the throne.
1490 AD - Local gentry in Ayrshire, known as the 'Lollards of Kyle', were investigated as to their beliefs and their intentions.
1492 AD – Old Alliance is rewended. Archbishopric of Glasgow is set up
1493 Ad Fortfeiture of the Lordship of the Isles.
1494 AD – French Invade Italy
1494 AD – Edinburgh Burgh Council order all merchants and tradesmen to have a sword and axe at hand to break up street fights.
1495 AD - Bishop Elphinstone founded King's College at Aberdeen
1496 AD - An Act of Parliament was passed requiring landowners to have their sons trained in Latin and Law
1496 AD – Forres Created a Royal Burgh
1497 AD – Lord of the Isles title passes to the Monarch.
1502 AD – James VI of Scotland marries Margaret sister of Henry VIII
1502 AD – Treaty of Perpertual Peace
1505 AD - The College of Surgeons was founded in Edinburgh
1507 AD – James IV gave Walter Chap[man and Andrew Myllar permission to set up a printing shop in Edinburgh.
1509 AD – Earl of Huntly and Argyll were made heritable sheriffs and the west of Scotland was divided between them.
1510 AD – Formation of the Holy League of Pope Julius II, constituting of Spain, Venice and himself, against the French
1510 AD – French set up the Council of the Churches and Louis XII z heretic
1511 AD – Henry VIII joins the Holy League
1512 AD – James VI renewals the Old Alliance with the French
1512 AD – Henry VIII of England attacks France.
1512 AD – John Knox is born.
1513 AD – Earl of Surrey destroys Scottish Raiding party on the 13th of August, the raid becomes known as the “Ill Raid”
1513 AD – Battle of Flodden fought on the 9th of September. Defeats for the Scots losing to forces under the Earl of Surrey. James VI killed at this battle
1513 AD – James V crowned Scottish King at the age of 17 months old
1513 AD – Queen Margaret appointed Regent of Scotland
1514 AD – Queen Margaret marries Archibald Douglas, Sixth Earl of Angus
1521 AD – Duke of Albany signs the Treaty of Rouen with the Kingdom of France.
1525 AD – The Estates decided that James, should remain ‘in company’, as they put it, with certain Lords and prelates, who would ensure his safety and advise him on a three month bias.
1525 AD- Scots parliament passes an act banning the importing of Lutheran books and tracts.
1526 AD – The Earl of Douglas holds James V a captive at Edinburgh Castle.
1528 AD – James V escapes from Edinburgh to Stirling, where a small army gathers around him. Earl of Angus quits Scotland for England, and James V aged sixteen, takes over direct rule.
1528 AD – Patrick Hamilton is burned at St Andrews for Heresy for preaching the Lutheran doctrine
1544 AD - Battle of the Shirts between members of the Clan Fraser and Clans Ranald, Cameron and Donald. One of the bloodiest clan battles - only 12 men out of 1,000 combatants are said to have survived.
1532 AD – College of Justice founded
1536 AD – John Know is ordained as a Priest.
1537 AD – James marries Madeleine, daughter of the King of France, however the Scottish Weather kills her within six months.
1537 AD – James marries the Duke of Guise, with a dowry of 150,000 livres.
1540 AD – Major expedition to Highlands and Islands by James V
1541 AD – James V persuades the pope to pay for the setting up a College of Justice. Scotland has a proper court system paid for by the Roman Catholic Church.
1541 AD – Hector Boece, the Principal of King’s College, Aberdeen. Writes an account of Scottish History, however it was a factious account that stretched back to the dark days of Dalriada in order to underline James V’s claim to Kingship.
1542 AD – Scotland at War with England
1542 AD – the English Army at Solway Moss routs Sir Oliver Sinclair, with 10,000 Scots under his command.
1542 AD – Mary is born to the King. However the week before James V dies of a broken heart. However the King had six illegitimate sons and two illegitimate daughters. However only one Richard of Holyrood had any children, the rest died before they reached forty.
1543 AD - James Hamilton, Earl of Arran, grandson of Mary, daughter of James II. Was appointed Regent after the death of James V in 1542 AD.
1543 AD – Greenwhich Treaty Signed in which Queen Mary would marry the infant son of Henry VIII, Edward.
1543 AD – The Protestant Reformer, George Wishart returns to Scotland as an agent of Henry VIII.
1544 – 1545 AD – English Army ravaged the South of Scotland in the campaign called the “The Rough Wooing”
1544 AD – English Fleet lying off Newhaven, Edinburgh is captured and is burnt to the ground, except the Castle
1545 AD – Earl of Angus defeats an English Army led by Sir Ralph Eure and Sir Brian Layton at Ancrum Moor..
1546 AD - George Wishart, a Protestant preacher and missionary, who had made himself widely popular, was burned at the stake at St. Andrews.
1546 AD – Cardinal Beaton murdered by several Protestant and the start of a siege in the Cardinals fortress, the forces were acting under the orders of Henry VIII.
1547 AD – Forces of the Protestants surrounded, and one John Knox is sentenced to three years as a slave oarsman in the French Mediterranean Navy
1547 AD – Henry VIII dies
1547 AD - The English Regent, or Protector, Somerset, who had been in charge of the 'Rough Wooing', now returned to the attack, and inflicted upon the Scots under Arran the crushing defeat of Pinkie, in September 1547
1548 AD – Queen Mary sent to France for her own safety.
1548 AD – 7000 Troops of the French Crown arrive. They would only fight for the Scots if Queen Mary marries the Dauphin.
1549 AD – Treaty of Boulogne signed which passes control of English controlled Castles to the French.
1549 AD – Council of Catholic Bishops passes an act that Bishops must preach four times a year.
1552 AD – Archbishop John Hamilton’s of St Andrews writes the Catechism to answer some of the points raised by the Reformers. He holds several councils to stop the worse abuse occurring.
1553 AD – John Know flees to Switzerland after Queen Mary of England takes the throne.
1554 AD – Queen Mary of Guise removes the Earl of Arran from his position after much political infighting and threats.
1556 AD – French Troops leave, the only force keeping the Scottish Catholics in power.
1557 AD – The Lords of the Congregation, made a covenant to quit the Roman Catholic Church and make Scotland a protestant country.
1557 AD – Eight Scottish Commissioners and Queen Mary of Guise arrive in France to finalise the marriage of Queen Mary to the Dauphin. However four of the eight die mysterious and causes much backlash within Scotland.
1558 AD – The Protestant Covenant has over half the nobility and Burgess signed upto it.
1558 AD – Marriage of Queen Mary of Scotland to Francois, Dauphin of France at the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris.
1559 AD – On the doors of friaries and hospitals in all the major Scottish Burghs are pinned what came to be known as the Beggars’ Summons. It demanded that friars quit their house by ‘flittering Friday’, 12 May, so that the poor of the town could take possession of them. For a long time, the Church has ceased to support those in distress, and the house s and hospitals, it was claimed, belonged to the poor by right. The summons was drawn up and distributed by men of substance in a deliberate attempt to rouse the mob into action.
1559 AD – Council of Bishops passes another act that Bishops must explain the meaning of the Sacraments to their congregations.
1559 AD – John Knox arrives back in Edinburgh. He was not the father of the reformation, however he could stir men’s minds to his cause.
1559 AD – John Knox preaches at St John’s church in Perth against the Catholic Church as idolatry. As a priest approached to do mass, a boy throws a stone, and the congregations riots. Perth riots for two days, as two monasteries and an abbey were gutted. Queen Mary of Guesce, summons the army to control the situation. However the Lords of the Congregation assemble their own army and sack St. Andrews cathedral in Perth.
1559 AD – Lords of the Congregation enter the city of Edinburgh and occupy it, until the Forces that Queen Mary of Guesce arrive from France.
1559 AD – Henri II dies in July 1559 and the dauphin comes to the throne. Arrogantly he adds the royal arms of Scotland and England to his own crown. Claiming the English Throne through his wife, Queen Mary of Scotland.
1559 AD – Queen Elizabeth sends money to the Lords of the Congregation to aid the cause of Protestantism.
1560 AD – English Fleet lay siege to the French garrison heavily fortified at Leith. The French hold out and fight back very well, inflect heavy causalities on the English army.
1560 AD - Latin Mass prohibited in Scotland by Parliament as Protestant faith gained the ascendancy.
1560 AD – 11th of June Queen Mary of Guise dies of dropsy in Edinburgh Castle
1560 AD – 12th of June the French Garrison at Leith surrenders.
1560 AD – Treaty of Edinburgh is singed between the English and the French Crowns. The major points are no foreign troops in Scotland or foreign in places of important positions of office. Also that Elizabeth Tudor of Queen of England is recognised. Also that the question of Religion was left to Mary and her husband.
1560 AD – The Scottish parliament meets and after a week deciding whether they were able to speak or not, since the Queen had not summoned them. They decide the following, that mass was banned and also the authority of the Pope in Scotland was abolished. Also they appointed several people, who approached John Knox to write his twenty-five Articles of Confession of Faith. Also all church lands were passed into the hands of the nobility.
1561 AD – King François II dies of a septic ear, and Queen Mary of Scotland is a widow and returns to Scotland.
1562 AD - Battle of Corrichie, Earl of Moray defeated Catholic Gordons of Huntly who were attacking Aberdeen
1567 AD – Mary Queen of Scots last night in Edinburgh, at the house of Sir Simon Preston, the Lord Provost, on the Royal Mile, prior to her imprisonment at Loch Leven castle.
1570 AD – Assamintation of Regent Moray
1570 – 1571 AD – Regency of Lennox.
1571 AD - Execution of James Hamilton Archbishop of St Andrews.
1571 – 2 AD Regency of Mar.
1572 – 8 AD Regency of Morton
1573 AD – Pacitificatopon of Perth. Siege of Edinburgh Castle.
1573 AD - Sir William Kirkcaldy of Grange executed, after defending Edinburgh Castle on behalf of Mary Queen of Scots from May 1568 to May 1573.
1576 AD - First Bible (New Testament) printed in Scotland by Bassandyne
1577 AD – ‘Nova Erectio’ of Glasgow University
1578 AD – Second Book of Discipline; temporary overthrow of Morton.
1581 AD Ascendancy of Esme Stewart and Arran; execution of Morton
1582 AD – Ruthven Road
1581 AD – Founding of Edinburgh University
1583 – 4 AD – Ascendancy of Arran
1587 Act of Annexation; execution of Mary by Elizabeth; Country Franchise Act
1589 – 95 AD – 'Northern Earls' active against James VI
1589 AD – Marriage of James VI to Anne of Denmark
1590 AD – Beginning of North Berwick witchcraft trials.
1592 AD – 'Golden acts' recognizing Presbyterian Church system.
1593 AD – Marischal College, Aberdeen Founded
1593 AD - Battle of Dryffe Sands between the Border families of Maxwell and Johnstone, one of the bloodiest "clan" fights.
1594 AD - Battle of Glenlivet, George Gordon, Earl of Huntly, defeated a Royalist force under 7th Earl of Argyll
1600 AD - Gowrie conspiracy.
1603 AD – Elizabeth the fist of England dies, Union of the Crowns of Scotland and England under James VI.
1605 AD – Appointment of Anglo-Scottish Border commission; beginning of the Plantation of Ulster.
1606 – 11 Ad – Andrew Melville imprisoned in the Tower of London
1609 Ad – Appointment of the Justices of the Peace
1610 AD – Restoration of Episocopacy.
1617 AD – James VI in Scotland
1618 AD – Five Articles of Perth
1625 AD – Act of Revocation
1633 AD - Coronation of Charles I in Edinburgh
1635 AD – Archbishop Spottiswoode appointed Chancellor.
1636 Ad – Code of Canons
1637 AD – Introduction of the Prayer Book
1638 AD – National Covenant; Glasgow Assembly
1639 Ad – First Bishops’ War; Pacification of Berwick
1640 AD – Second Bishop War
1641 AD - Treaty of Ripon
1642 AD – Beginning of English Civil War
1643 AD –Solemn League and Covenant
1644 Ad – Battle of Marston Moor
1644 AD – Kirkcaldy is declared a Royal Burgh
1644 –1645 AD – Campaign of Montrose.
1645 AD – Battle of Auldearn
1645 Ad – Westminster Confession accepted by the General Assembly; battle of Philiphaugh
1647 AD – the Engagement
1648 AD – Battle of Preston; Whigganmore’s Raid
1649 AD – Execution of Charles I; Act of Classes
1650 AD – Battle of Dunbar
1651 AD – Charles I crowded at Scones; Battle of Worcester
1652 AD - Beginning of Cromwellians Union
1653-54 AD –Glencairn Rising
1658 AD – Oliver Cromwell dies
Earl of Middington set up, as High Commissioner of the Parliament first acts is the Execution of Marquis of Argyll for High Treason
1660 Ad – Restoration of Charles II
1661 AD – Parliament recalled and passes over 400 Acts of Parliament in a year
1663 AD – Deprivation of Presbyterian clergy
1666 AD – Pentland Rising
1667 Ad – Appointment of Commissioners of Supply
1669 AD – First Indulgence
1670 Ad – Death Penalty of preaching at conventiclers
1672 AD – Second Indulgence; Court of Justicar founded
1678 AD – ‘Highland Host’
1679 AD - A group of extremist Presbyterians in Fife ambushed and murdered Archbishop James Sharp of St. Andrews. Battle of Bothwell Bridge.
1681 - 7 AD – The Killing Time.
1681 AD – Test Act
1682 AD – Advocates Library founded.
1685 Ad – Argyll Rising
1687 Ad – Religion Toleration for Catholics and Presbyterians
1688 AD – The Glourise Revolution in England.
1689 AD – Battle of Killiecranki. Bonnie Dundee is killed, and is later to be found out to be a Grandmaster of the Knight Templars.
1689 AD - The Earl of Breadalbane, chief of the Campbell’s of Glenorchy and northern Perthshire, was given money - £6000 we are given to understand - with which to bribe chiefs into a happy relationship with the new regime. Breadalbane unfortunately, was a quite outstandingly devious and unscrupulous person, and he gave priority to bribing himself. And why not? The result was that when he and others met to discuss the distribution of incentives the meeting broke up in accusations and recrimination.
1692 AD – All Highland Chiefs required swearing an Oath of Allegiance to King William
1696 AD – Massacre at Glencoe of the MacDonald’s under the command of the forces of Robert Campbell of Glenlyon.
1696 AD – The meeting of Parliament in 1696 was there any opportunity for proper investigation. There was then nothing much to be done, as the MacDonald’s were slaughtered, not by a rival clan but by regular soldiers, servants of the state, in the king's uniform, on the instructions of the king's Secretary supported by the signature of the king himself.
1698 AD – Establiment of the first Scottish Colony in South America at Darien. The colony was called Fort St Andrews, and was destroyed by a nearby Spanish Colony.
1701 AD – English Parliament passes the Act of the Succession
"The Scots observed the English action and saw an opportunity to apply pressure. They had no more desire than had their English counterparts to see the restoration of the Stewarts, but the English Act had been passed without any consultation with the Scots, and once again English politicians had revealed an arrogant assumption that whatever England did, Scotland would automatically accept. In their bitterness over Darien and their irritation at this latest high-handed action by the English, the Scots turned their minds to the possibility of blackmail. The Protestant succession and the guarantee that the Stewarts were gone forever were the two fundamental needs of English politicians. If the Scots were to play upon these fears they might perhaps extort commercial concessions which England had for so long denied them."
Scotland a Concise History – Victory and Surrender, Chapter 12
1703 AD – Scottish Parliament passes the Act of Security, which had the effect of causing the English Parliament to pass the English Allen Act of 1705 AD.
1705 AD – The Worescester Affair
1706 AD – Scots agree to negotiation for one parliament for the whole Kingdom.
To describe the discussions as 'negotiations' is to misuse language. Each day began with the English delegation placing before the Scots the proposal to which their consent was that day required, and the English thereafter went about their ordinary business leaving the Scots to wrangle among themselves. When the proposals emerged the English Parliament passed them without opposition and with no great interest. For the Scots the debate was in the fullest sense historic. They were deciding whether or not they could, or should, attempt to maintain their political identity or, in other words, their independence. One side, whose chief spokesman was Andrew Fletcher of Saltoun, concentrated on the fact that Scotland's nationhood was at stake, while the other essentially argued that Scots had no alternative under such economic pressures; and that in any case, a defiant, independent Scotland could not in the future prosper. No one mentioned General Wade, but everyone knew where he was, and why he was there. Scotland a Concise History – Victory and Surrender, Chapter 12
1707 AD – Act of the Union Passed by the Scottish Parliament, it would be another three years before Scotland would have its own parliament again. Parliament, there would sit sixteen Scottish peers and forty-five members of the House of Commons. Coinage, weights and measures, and commercial measures generally were to be uniform throughout the completely unitary state of 'Great Britain'. But Scots Law was to continue as before, and the Presbyterian structure of the Church was guaranteed.
1708 AD – James Stewart sets sail with Thirty French Ships to raise again a Stewart monarch onto the throne. However with the sight of an English Fleet, the Fleet turns back to France.
1715 AD – The First Jacobite Rebellion of 1715 started by John, Earl of Mar on 6 September 1715 by raising the standard of King James VIII
1715 AD - Border Jacobite - Lord Kenmure in Galloway, and the Earl of Derwentwater in Cumberland - marched rather inconclusively in the North of England, until surrendering at Preston. Mar failed to make any well-timed or really persevering attempt to break through to Edinburgh, allowing himself to be blocked by an army a third the size of his own, led by Argyle, at Sheriffmuir on 13 November.
1716 AD – James VIII and Earl of Mar are both in exile in France
1719 AD – An uprising at Kintail in Wister Ross, the forces were led by Warl Marischal supported by a few hundred Spanish Troops. These forces were supposed to be helping as advance force, before the Spanish Main invasion of England.
1719 AD – General Wightman, leads force from Inverness of 1600 men. The two sides fight at Glen Shiel on 11 June 1719. However with the Jacobites internal fighting the Government forces win the battle the next day, and capture the Spanish Troops.
1719 AD – Prisoners captured at Glen Shiel are tried in Carlisle in breach of the act of Union. Causing much hatred and resentment, which is a leading factor in the Second Jacobite raising in 1745 AD.
1723 AD - Society of Improvers in the Knowledge of Agriculture established by Robert Maxwell of Arkland in Galloway.
1725 Ad – Levellers’ Raising in Galloway
1725 AD Male Tax Riots; including Shaw field Riots
1725 AD – The Disarming Act of 1725 AD strengthed, to prohibiting the clansman from owning the weapons, which was their birthright.
1726 AD – Earl of Argyle appoints General Wade an Engineer to enforce the act. However he was too intrusted in building roads, which lasted over 11 years. In the end he did collect weapons mostly old or rusty ones. The following notice was outside Fort William:
“Had you seen these roads before they were made, You would hold up your hands and bless General Wade”
1727 AD – Royal Bank of Scotland Established
1736 AD – Porteous Riot. Due to the hanging of Wilson, Captain porteous opened fire into a crowd angry at this hanging.. He was reprieved by Queen Caroline after being found guilty and sentenced to hang. However a Riot resulted in which he was captured and executed by the Mob.
1736 AD – City of Edinburgh had to pay Mrs Porteous a sum of 2000 pounds in compentastion of the murder of her husband.
1742 AD – Duke of Argyll loses position as controller of the Scottish Government.
1745 AD – Bonnie Prince Charles his obvious weakness deterred chiefs who had been making Jacobite noises, but appeals to loyalty and honour from Charles won over Cameron of Lochiel, and his example brought others round. On 19 August Charles raised his father's standard again at Glenfinnan; and in due course the clans of the west-central Highlands - Cameron, Stewart, MacLean, MacDonald and various branches of Clan Chattan - together with the Episcopalian and traditionally loyalist aristocracy and gentry of the North-East, Angus and Perthshire, joined the Prince.
1745 AD – Forces occupy Perth in September, then Edinburgh later.
1745 AD – Battle of Prestonpans the forces of General Cope are destroyed by the Jacobite.
1746 AD – Battle of Culloden, Jacobite Forces destroyed by the Butcher of Cumberland
1746 AD – Earl of Loudoun, Commander of Inverness moves out with 1500 troops to capture Prince Charles. However four men were sent to a narrow pass in the darkness they pretended to be the whole Jacobite army. The regiement fled across to Kessock into Rosshire.
1746 AD – Several acts of Parliament are passed to destroy the Clans and also their power base within the Highlands. These acts were as follows:
A Disarming Act legally stripped the clans of their weapons, and bagpipes and Highland dress were banned for good measure. The clansmen, who had provided the chiefs with a military capacity, were no longer soldiers in waiting, or at least not on behalf of their chiefs. The Tenures Abolition Act destroyed the bond of military service between chief and clansman, and the Heritable Jurisdictions Act took from the chiefs their virtually sovereign powers over their tenants. The Highlands would now be subject to the same laws and procedures as all other parts of the British state.
1746 AD – Flora MacDonald helps Prince Charles to escape to Skye, where a French ship takes him back to France.
1746 AD – British Linen Company incorporated
1747 AD – Abolition of Heritable Jurisdiction
1750 AD – Society of Improvers in the Knowledge of Agriculture ceases to function after this date.
1765 AD – James Small’s plough made extended cultivation possible, and reaping and threshing machines, devised by Patrick Bell and Andrew Meikle, made harvesting much more efficient
1754 Ad – golfing Society established in St Andrews
1755 Ad - Webster’s Census (please see Appendix Two)
1759 AD – Carron Company Established’ Robert- Burns born
1767 AD – New Town of Edinburgh Begin
1769 AD – James Watts’s patents improved steam engine
1772 AD – Ayr Bank Collapse
1776 AD -Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations published
1793 AD - Burgh Reforms at its heights
1791 AD – Forth and Clyde Canal opened
1792 AD – General Convention of the Friends of the People in Edinburgh
1793 AD – Trial of Thomas Muir
1796 AD – Robert Burns dies
1797 AD – Anti-Militia Acts Riots; Tranent Massacre; United Scotsman Established.
1800 AD – Meal Mobs widespread
1802 AD – Edinburgh Review newspaper published; Peace of Amiens
1803 AD – Commission for Highland Roads and Bridges established
1805 AD – Impeachment and resignation of Melville
1806 AD – The Trafalgar Club, an organization of Forres businessman and expatriates formed to build a monument to Nelson’s victory. Money rose by public donation and the majority of the hill fort is destroyed, so the foundation can be built on bedrock.
1810 AD – Kilmarnock and Troon Railway opened.
1810 AD – Second appeal for money by the Trafalgar Club of Forres
1812 AD – Weavers’ strike in Glasgow and West of Scotland
1812 AD – Nelson Tower completed in Forres. Trafalgar club holds annual meeting there on Trafalgar Day.
1813 AD – Kildonan Clearance and resistance; ‘Troon Riot’, Edinburgh
1816 – 1817 AD – Radical disturbances and trials
1817 AD – The Scotsman newspaper established
1820 AD – Radical Wars
1823 AD – Gorge IV’s visit to Scotland
1824 AD Repeal of Combination Act
1825 AD – Orbistion Community established
1826 Ad – Ecomical crisis
1829 AD – Catholic Emancipation
1829 AD – Great Moray Floods
1831 AD – Gamkirk and Glasgow Railway opened
1832 AD - Reform Act Scotland and Cholera epidemic
1833 AD - Factory Act, Burgh Reform Act
1836 AD – Failure of potato crop in highlands; Cotton Spinners’ strike
1838 AD – Cotton Spinners’ trial, Royal Caledonian Curling Club established.
1839 AD – General Prisons Board for Scotland established.
1840 AD – Trafalgar Club of Forres disbands.
1842 AD – Royal Commission on Coal-Mines
1843 AD – Disruption; Free Church established.
1844 AD – Report of Royal Commission on the Poor Law (Scotland); Bank Charter Act
1845 AD – Poor Law (Scotland). Amendment Act
1846 AD – Famine in highlands (to 1848 AD), Repeal of Corn Law; Railway ‘Mania’.
1847 AD – United Presbyterian Church established; Education Institute of Scotland established.
1848 Ad – Last Chartist demonstrations; cholera outbreak.
1852 AD – Highland Emigration Society established.
1853 AD – Licensing Act (Scotland). Edinburgh Trades council established.
1854 AD – Crimean War (to 1836).
1857 AD – Western Bank collapse.
1858 AD – Royal Commission on Scottish Universities; Glasgow Trade Council established.
1859 AD – Loch Katrine water works opened.
1860 Ad – Coal Mines Regulating Act; First Open Gold Championship at Prestwick.
1862 General Police Act (Scotland); Glasgow Police Act.
1863 AD – Factory Act.
1863 AD – Report on Sanitary Conditions of Edinburgh
1867 AD – Edinburgh Improvement Act. Singer Sewing Machine Company in Clydebank established.
1868 AD – Reform Act (Scotland); Scottish Co-operative Wholesale Society established.
1872 Ad Education (Scotland) Act; Rangers FC established.
1873 AD – Scottish Football Association established. Scottish Rugby Union established.
1874 AD – Patronage Act released; Glasgow Association for Improving Condition of the Poor established.
1875 AD – Housing Act
1878 AD – City of Glasgow bank collapse; Roman Catholic hierarchy restored.
1879 AD – Tay Bridge disaster.
1881 AD – Householders of Scotland Act (Gives some women local vote); University College Dundee established.
1882 AD – Crofters War
1883 AD – Napier Commission on the Highlands; highland Land League established. Boy’s Brigade founded by Sir William Smith; Scottish Amateur Athletic Association established.
1884 AD – Reform Act
1885 AD – Secretary for Scotland established, Royal Commission on Housing.
1886 AD – Crofter’s Holdings (Scotland) Act; Crofters Commission established; Scottish Home Rule Association established. Liberal-Unionists split from Gladstone Liberals.
1887 AD – Scottish Office established in Whitehall.
1888 AD – Scottish Labour Party established; Celtic FC established.
1889 AD – Local Government (Scotland) Act
1890 AD – Forth Railway Bridge opened; housing of the Working Classes Act.
1892 AD – royal Commission on Crafting; First National Mod is held in Oban. Free Presbyterians (‘Wee Frees’) split from Free Church.
1893 AD – Independent Labour Party established.
1894 AD – Scottish Grand Committee
1896 AD – Glasgow Underground opens
1887 AD- Scottish Trade Union Congress established.
1898 AD – Dundee declared a city
1899 AD – Boar War starts (to 1902)
1900 AD – Free Church and United Presbyterian Church merge as United Free Church.
1901 AD – Education Act for Scotland.
1901 AD – Glasgow International Exhibitation.
1902 AD - Disaster at English/Scottish football match at Ibrox Stadium when part of the flooring collapsed, killing 25, injuring 500.
1905 AD- Royal Commission for Relief of the poor
1906 AD - Labour Party Founded. HMS Dreadnounght is launched the first modern battleship.
1908 Ad – Old age pensions introduced.
1909 AD – Reforming Liberal Budget (‘People’s Budget’). Report of Royal Commission on poor laws is held
1911 AD – Series of strikes are held lasting in some cases to 1913 AD. Agriculture and National Insurance Act are published this year.
1912 AD – Royal Commission on Scottish Housing established. Board of Agriculture established.
1914 AD – Irish Home rule crisis. Housing of the Working Class Act is published. World war one declared (4th august)
1915 AD – Red Clydeside unrest begins.
1915 AD - Britain's worst train disaster at Quintinshill (near Gretna Green) in which three trains collided, with the loss of 227 lives.
1915 AD - Cruiser "Natal" exploded in Cromarty harbour, killing 405
1917 AD – Report of Royal Commission on Housing is published.
1918 AD – Scottish Education Act is published.
1919 AD – Forty Hours Strike happens in January. George Square demonstrations.
1920 AD – Labour make gains on Glasgow Corporation
1921 AD – Royal Commission on Coal Mines recommends nationalization. Collapse of ‘Triple Alliance’ of miners, railway and transport workers union.
1921 AD - First women jurors in Glasgow Sheriff Court.
1922 AD – British Broadcasting Company’s first transmission from Glasgow.
1923 AD – First Labour Government under Ramsey MacDonald is elected to Government
1924 Ad – Wheatley Housing Act.
1926 AD – General Strike (2 – 9 May). Secretary of state for Scotland is created.
1929 AD – Church of Scotland and United Free Church merge. Local Government Act (Scotland) is in force.
1929 AD - Last tramcars run in Perth
1930 AD – Scottish National Development Council Established.
1930 AD - Island of St Kilda evacuated
1931 AD – National Government formed. National Trust for Scotland and the Scottish Youth Hostel Association established
1932 AD – Scottish Socialist Party is founded. ILF disaffiliation from Labour Party.
1933 AD – Invergordon Munty by some elements of the Royal Navy
1934 AD – Scottish National Party is founded
1936 AD – Scottish Economical Committee established. Satire Society Established.
1937 AD – Scottish National Party endorses anti-conscription policy
1937 AD - European record for attendance at a football match, 149,547 set at Hampden Park, Glasgow. Scotland were playing England and until 1950 this was a world record.
1938 AD – Empire Exhibitation is held in Glasgow
1939 AD – Second World War begins. Scottish office is transferred from London to Edinburgh.
1939 AD - UK attendance record for a club football match created when 118,567 attended the Rangers v Celtic match at Ibrox stadium.
1940 AD – Report of Royal Commission on Distribution of Industry is published. Shetland Attacked in early raids on Scapa Flow by the Germany Air force.
1941 AD – Clydebank Blitz (13 – 15 May). Council of State established.
1942 AD – Council of Industry established in May. Beveridge Report is published. Scottish Convention formed by John McCormick.
1943 AD – Scottish Hydro Electricity Board established.
1945 AD – Scottish National Party win the Motherwell by-election.
1946 AD – Nationalisation program underway. Winter emergency as Britain suffers under the coldest winter in 40 units.
1947 AD – National Coal Board Established. First Edinburgh International Festival is held
1948 AD – National Health Service is formed.
1949 AD – Scottish Convent attracts 2.5 million signatures supporting Home Rule.
1950 AD – nationalists remove Stone of Destiny from Westminster Abbey.
1953 AD – Report of Royal Commission on Scottish Affair is published.
1955 AD – Scottish Television begins transmission.
1959 AD – Conservative victory in General Election, however there is a large anti-government vote in Scotland.
1961 AD – Toorhill Report on Scottish economy is published. Also Steel Strip mill and motorcar plants established.
1962 AD – Scottish Development Department established.
1964 AD – University of Strathclyde founded.
1965 AD – Highland and Islands Development board established.
1967 AD – Scottish National Party win the Hamilton By-election. Oil Exploration begins.
1971 AD – Upper Clyde Shipbuilding crises. Crowd rush at the end of the Ibrox game between Rangers and Celtic, causing the deaths of 66 people.
1972 AD – Local Government Act (Scotland) forms the new regional and district structures for local government. Scottish Economical Planning Department established.
1972 AD – Forres House Burns down
1972 AD – Ardeiser Fabricitiation yard opens near Nairn.
1973 AD - Miner’s strike widespread this year. Also the Kilbrandon Report on the Constitution is published.
1974 AD – Labour win Two General Elections in this year, the Scottish National Party win Eleven Seats.
1975 AD – Scottish Development Agency Established
1976 AD – First Devolution Act
1978 AD – Scottish and Wales Acts published.
1979 AD – Scottish and Wales Act Referendum are inconclusive. Campaign for a Scottish Assembly is established.
1982 Ad – Pope John II in Glasgow
1983 AD – TSB Bank formed from the Trustees Saving Bank
1983 AD - The New Testament in Scots is finally published after a wait of 400 years.
1984 AD - Scotland won Rugby "Grand Slam" at Murrayfield - the first time in 59 years.
1988 AD – PAM air flight 103 blown up by terrirorist action over the Scottish Town of Locherbie.
1988 AD - Glasgow Garden Festival opened by Prince Charles and the Princess of Wales.
1990 AD – Strathclyde Regional council apply for 250,000 summary warrant sales for non-oayment of the poll tax.
1993 AD - 89,000-tonne Liberian-registered Braaer oil tanker, carrying 84,500 tonnes of crude oil, hit rocks on Shetland Isles in heavy seas.
1994 AD - Helicopter crash on Mull of Kintyre, 29 anti-terrorism experts killed.
1994 AD - Rt Hon John Smith, leader of the Labour Party died.
1995 AD - Death of Lord Home of the Hirsel, also known as Sir Alec Douglas-Home, formerly Foreign Secretary and UK Prime Minister.
1995 AD – Bridge over to the Island of Skye is over
1996 AD - Sixteen primary school children and their teacher murdered in Dunblane.
1997 AD - Scottish Parliament restored after three hundred years
1999 AD - Official Opening of Parliment by the Queen - the first ever, directly elected Parliament in Scotland.
2000 AD – Inverness declared a city
2001 AD – Henry McLesh stands down after a political scandal over funding for his office. Jack McConnell is elected the New First Minister.
2001 AD – Report on the Ibrox disasters the Scottish Office released under the 30 year rule, was warned by Local Governments of the risk of public safety, and they should be able to act on it. Senior Civil Servants persuade the then Scottish Secretary G. Campbell to reject this.
The Declaration of Arbroath (English Translation)
To the most Holy Father and Lord in Christ, the Lord John, by divine providence Supreme Pontiff of the Holy Roman and Universal Church, his humble and devout sons Duncan, Earl of Fife, Thomas Randolph, Earl of Moray, Lord of Man and of Annandale, Patrick Dunbar, Earl of March, Malise, Earl of Strathearn, Malcolm, Earl of Lennox, William, Earl of Ross, Magnus, Earl of Caithness and Orkney, and William, Earl of Sutherland; Walter, Steward of Scotland, William Soules, Butler of Scotland, James, Lord of Douglas, Roger Mowbray, David, Lord of Brechin, David Graham, Ingram Umfraville, John Menteith, guardian of the earldom of Menteith, Alexander Fraser, Gilbert Hay, Constable of Scotland, Robert Keith, Marischal of Scotland, Henry St Clair, John Graham, David Lindsay, William Oliphant, Patrick Graham, John Fenton, William Abernethy, David Wemyss, William Mushet, Fergus of Ardrossan, Eustace Maxwell, William Ramsay, William Mowat, Alan Murray, Donald Campbell, John Cameron, Reginald Cheyne, Alexander Seton, Andrew Leslie, and Alexander Straiton, and the other barons and freeholders and the whole community of the realm of Scotland send all manner of filial reverence, with devout kisses of his blessed feet.
Most Holy Father and Lord, we know and from the chronicles and books of the ancients we find that among other famous nations our own, the Scots, has been graced with widespread renown. They journeyed from Greater Scythia by way of the Tyrrhenian Sea and the Pillars of Hercules, and dwelt for a long course of time in Spain among the most savage tribes, but nowhere could they be subdued by any race, however barbarous. Thence they came, twelve hundred years after the people of Israel crossed the Red Sea, to their home in the west where they still live today. The Britons they first drove out, the Picts they utterly destroyed, and, even though very often assailed by the Norwegians, the Danes and the English, they took possession of that home with many victories and untold efforts; and, as the historians of old time bear witness, they have held it free of all bondage ever since. In their kingdom there have reigned one hundred and thirteen kings of their own royal stock, the line unbroken a single foreigner.
The high qualities and deserts of these people, were they not otherwise manifest, gain glory enough from this: that the King of kings and Lord of lords, our Lord Jesus Christ, after His Passion and Resurrection, called them, even though settled in the uttermost parts of the earth, almost the first to His most holy faith. Nor would He have them confirmed in that faith by merely anyone but by the first of His Apostles -- by calling, though second or third in rank -- the most gentle Saint Andrew, the Blessed Peter's brother, and desired him to keep them under his protection as their patron forever.
The Most Holy Fathers your predecessors gave careful heed to these things and bestowed many favours and numerous privileges on this same kingdom and people, as being the special charge of the Blessed Peter's brother. Thus our nation under their protection did indeed live in freedom and peace up to the time when that mighty prince the King of the English, Edward, the father of the one who reigns today, when our kingdom had no head and our people harboured no malice or treachery and were then unused to wars or invasions, came in the guise of a friend and ally to harass them as an enemy. The deeds of cruelty, massacre, violence, pillage, arson, imprisoning prelates, burning down monasteries, robbing and killing monks and nuns, and yet other outrages without number which he committed against our people, sparing neither age nor sex, religion nor rank, no one could describe nor fully imagine unless he had seen them with his own eyes.
But from these countless evils we have been set free, by the help of Him Who though He afflicts yet heals and restores, by our most tireless Prince, King and Lord, the Lord Robert. He, that his people and his heritage might be delivered out of the hands of our enemies, met toil and fatigue, hunger and peril, like another Macabaeus or Joshua and bore them cheerfully. Him, too, divine providence, his right of succession according to or laws and customs which we shall maintain to the death, and the due consent and assent of us all have made our Prince and King. To him, as to the man by whom salvation has been wrought unto our people, we are bound both by law and by his merits that our freedom may be still maintained, and by him, come what may, we mean to stand.
Yet if he should give up what he has begun, and agree to make us or our kingdom subject to the King of England or the English, we should exert ourselves at once to drive him out as our enemy and a subverter of his own rights and ours, and make some other man who was well able to defend us our King; for, as long as but a hundred of us remain alive, never will we on any conditions be brought under English rule. It is in truth not for glory, nor riches, nor honours that we are fighting, but for freedom -- for that alone, which no honest man gives up but with life itself.
Therefore it is, Reverend Father and Lord, that we beseech your Holiness with our most earnest prayers and suppliant hearts, inasmuch as you will in your sincerity and goodness consider all this, that, since with Him Whose Vice-Regent on earth you are there is neither weighing nor distinction of Jew and Greek, Scotsman or Englishman, you will look with the eyes of a father on the troubles and privation brought by the English upon us and upon the Church of God. May it please you to admonish and exhort the King of the English, who ought to be satisfied with what belongs to him since England used once to be enough for seven kings or more, to leave us Scots in peace, who live in this poor little Scotland, beyond which there is no dwelling-place at all, and covet nothing but our own. We are sincerely willing to do anything for him, having regard to our condition, that we can, to win peace for ourselves.
This truly concerns you, Holy Father, since you see the savagery of the heathen raging against the Christians, as the sins of Christians have indeed deserved, and the frontiers of Christendom being pressed inward every day; and how much it will tarnish your Holiness's memory if (which God forbid) the Church suffers eclipse or scandal in any branch of it during your time, you must perceive. Then rouse the Christian princes who for false reasons pretend that they cannot go to help of the Holy Land because of wars they have on hand with their neighbours. The real reason that prevents them is that in making war on their smaller neighbours they find quicker profit and weaker resistance. But how cheerfully our Lord the King and we too would go there if the King of the English would leave us in peace, He from Whom nothing is hidden well knows; and we profess and declare it to you as the Vicar of Christ and to all Christendom.
But if your Holiness puts too much faith in the tales the English tell and will not give sincere belief to all this, nor refrain from favouring them to our prejudice, then the slaughter of bodies, the perdition of souls, and all the other misfortunes that will follow, inflicted by them on us and by us on them, will, we believe, be surely laid by the Most High to your charge.
To conclude, we are and shall ever be, as far as duty calls us, ready to do your will in all things, as obedient sons to you as His Vicar; and to Him as the Supreme King and Judge we commit the maintenance of our cause, csating our cares upon Him and firmly trusting that He will inspire us with courage and bring our enemies to nought.
May the Most High preserve you to his Holy Church in holiness and health and grant you length of days.
Given at the monastery of Arbroath in Scotland on the sixth day of the month of April in the year of grace thirteen hundred and twenty and the fifteenth year of the reign of our King aforesaid.
Endorsed: Letter directed to our Lord the Supreme Pontiff by the community of Scotland.
Additional names written on some of the seal tags: Alexander Lamberton, Edward Keith, John Inchmartin, Thomas Menzies, John Durrant, Thomas Morham (and one illegible).
The Declaration of Arbroath (in the Original Latin)
Sanctissimo Patri in Christo ac Domino, domino Johanni, diuina prouidiencia Sacrosancte Romane et Vniuersalis Ecclesie Summo Pontifici, Filii Sui Humiles et deuoti Duncanus Comes de Fyf, Thomas Ranulphi Comes Morauie Dominus Mannie et Vallis Anandie, Patricius de Dumbar Comes Marchie, Malisius Comes de Stratheryne, Malcolmus Comes de Leuenax, Willelmus Comes de Ross, Magnus Comes Cathanie et Orkadie et Willelmus Comes Suthirlandie; Walterus Senescallus Scocie, Willelmus de Soules Buttelarius Scocie, Jacobus Dominus de Duglas, Rogerus de Moubray, Dauid Dominus de Brechyn, Dauid de Graham, Ingeramus de Vmfrauille, Johannes de Menetethe Custos Comitatus de Menetethe, Alexander Fraser, Gilbertus de Haya Constabularius Scocie, Robertus de Keth Marescallus Scocie, Henricus de Sancto Claro, Johannes de Graham, Dauid de Lindesay, Willelmus Olifaunt, Patricius de Graham, Johannes de Fentoun, Willelmus de Abirnithy, Dauid de Wemys, Willelmus de Montefixo, Fergusius de Ardrossane, Eustachius de Maxwell, Willelmus de Ramesay, Willelmus de Montealto, Alanus de Morauia, Douenaldus Cambell, Johannes Cambrun, Reginaldus le chen, Alexander de Setoun, Andreas de Lescelyne, et Alexander de Stratoun, Ceterique Barones et Liberetenenetes ac tota Communitas Regni Scocie, omnimodam Reuerenciam filialem cum deuotis Pedum osculis beatorum.
Scimus, Sanctissime Pater et Domine, et ex antiquorum gestis et libris Colligimus quod inter Ceteras naciones egregias nostra scilicet Scottorum nacio multis preconijs fuerit insignita, que de Maiori Schithia per Mare tirenium et Columpnas Herculis transiens et in Hispania inter ferocissimas gentes per multa temporum curricula Residens a nullis quantumcumque barbaricis poterat allicubi gentibus subiugari. Indeque veniens post mille et ducentos annos a transitu populi israelitici per mare rubrum sibi sedes in Occidente quas nunc optinet, expulsis primo Britonibus et Pictis omnino deletis, licet per Norwagienses, Dacos et Anglicos sepius inpugnata fuerit, multis cum victorijs et Laboribus quamplurimis adquisuit, ipsaque ab omni seruitute liberas, vt Priscorum testantur Historie, semper tenuit. In quorum Regno Centum et Tredescim Reges de ipsorum Regali prosapia, nullo alienigena interueniente, Regnauerunt.
Quorum Nobilitates et Merita, licet ex aliis non clarerent, satis patenter effulgent ex eo quod Rex Regum et dominancium dominus Jhesus Christus post passionem suam et Resurreccionem ipsos in vltimis terre finibus constitutos quasi primos ad suam fidem sanctissimam conuocauit. Nec eos per quemlibet in dicta fide confirmari voluit set per suum primum apostolum vocacione quamuis ordine secundum vel tercium, sanctum Andream mitissimum beati Petri Germanum, quem semper ipsis preesse voluit vt Patronum.
Hec autem Sanctissimi Patres et Predecessores vestri sollicita mente pensantes ipsum Regnum et populum vt beati Petri germani peculium multis fauoribus et priuilegijs quamplurimis Munierunt, Ita quippe quod gens nostra sub ipsorum proteccione hactenus libera deguit et quieta donec ille Princeps Magnificus Rex Anglorum Edwardus, pater istius qui nunc est, Regnum nostrum acephalum populumque nullius mali aut doli nec bellis aut insultibus tunc assuetum sub amici et confederati specie inimicabiliter infestauit. Cuius iniurias, Cedes, violencias, predaciones, incendia, prelatorum incarceraciones, Monasteriorum combustiones, Religiosorum spoliaciones et occisiones alia quoque enormia et innumera que in dicto populo exercuit, nulli parcens etati aut sexui, Religioni aut ordini, nullus scriberet nec ad plenum intelligeret nisi quem experiencia informaret.
A quibus Malis innumeris, ipso Juuante qui post uulnera medetur et sanat, liberati sumus per strenuissimum Principem, Regem et Dominum nostrum, Dominum Robertum, qui pro populo et hereditate suis de manibus Inimicorum liberandis quasi alter Machabeus aut Josue labores et tedia, inedias et pericula, leto sustinuit animo. Quem eciam diuina disposicio et iuxta leges et Consuetudines nostra, quas vsque ad mortem sustinere volumus, Juris successio et debitus nostrorum omnium Consensus et Assensus nostrum fecerunt Principem atque Regem, cui tanquam illi per quem salus in populo nostro facta est pro nostra libertate tuenda tam Jure quam meritis tenemur et volumus in omnibus adherere.
Quem si ab inceptis desisteret, regi Anglorum aut Anglicis nos aut Regnum nostrum volens subicere, tanquam inimicum nostrum et sui nostrique Juris subuersorem statim expellere niteremur et alium Regem nostrum qui ad defensionem nostram sufficeret faceremus. Quia quamdiu Centum ex nobis viui remanserint, nuncquam Anglorum dominio aliquatenus volumus subiugari. Non enim propter gloriam, diuicias aut honores pugnamus set propter libertatem solummodo quam Nemo bonus nisi simul cum vita amittit. Hinc est, Reuerende Pater et Domine, Quod sanctitatem vestram omni precum instancia genuflexis cordibus exoramus quatinus sincero corde Menteque pia recensentes quod apud eum cuius vices in terris geritis cum non sit Pondus nec distinccio Judei et greci, Scoti aut Anglici, tribulaciones et angustias nobis et Ecclesie dei illatas ab Anglicis paternis occulis intuentes, Regem Anglorum, cui sufficere debet quod possidet cum olim Anglia septem aut pluribus solebat sufficere Regibus, Monere et exhortari dignemini vt nos scotos, in exili degentes Scocia vltra quam habitacia non est nichilque nisi nostrum Cupientes, in pace dimittat. Cui pro nostra procuranda quiete quicquid possumus, ad statum nostrum Respectu habito, facere volumus cum effectu.
Vestra enim interest, sancte Pater, hoc facere qui paganorum feritatem, Christianorum culpis exigentibus, in Christianos seuientem aspicitis et Christianorum terminos arctari indies, quantumque vestre sanctitatis memorie derogat si (quod absit) Ecclesia in aliqua sui parte vestris temporibus patiatur eclipsim aut Scandalum, vos videritis. Excitet igitur Christianos Principes qui non causam vt causam ponentes se fingunt in subsidium terre sancte propter guerras quas habent cum proximis ire non posse. Cuius inpedimenti Causa est verior quod in Minoribus proximis debellandis vtilitas proprior et resistencia debilior estimantur. Set quam leto corde dictus dominus Rex noster et Nos si Rex Anglorum nos is pace dimitteret illus iremus qui nichil ignorat satis novit. Quod Christi vicario totique Christianitati ostendimus et testamur.
Quibus si sanctitas vestra Anglorum relatibus nimis credula fidem sinceram non adhibeat aut ipsis in nostram confusionem fauere non desinat, corporum excidia, animarum exicia, et cetera que sequentur incomoda que ipsi in nobis et Nos in ipsis fecerimus vobis ab altissimo credimus inputanda.
Ex quo sumus et erimus in hiis que tenemur tanquam obediencie filii vobis tanquam ipsius vicario parati in omnibus complacere, ipsique tanquam Summo Regi et Judici causam nostram tuendam committimus, Cogitatium nostrum Jactantes in ipso sperantesque firmiter quod in nobis virtutem faciet et ad nichilum rediget hostes nostros.
Sanctitatem ac sanitatem vestram conseruet altissimus Ecclesie sue sancte per tempora diuturna.
Datum apud Monasterium de Abirbrothoc in Scocis Sexto die mensis Aprilis Anno gracie Millesimo Trescentesimo vicesimo Anno vero Regni Regis nostri supradicti Quinto decimo.
Endorsed: Littere directe ad dominum Supremum Pontificem per communitatem Scocie.
Names inscribed on some of the seal tags: Alexander de Lambertoun, Edwardus de Keth, Johannes de Inchmertyn, Thomas de Meiners, Johannes Duraunt, Thomas de Morham (and one illegible).
